United States and Israel Essay Example for Free

United States and Israel Essay The relationship between the United States and Israel should be realized as different and unique in its own rights since both parties are distinct in their own way, gaining political, economic, and cultural independences that influenced and continuous to influence so many others. It can be said that for such a small country, Israel has acquired importance far beyond its size, not only politically but socially and culturally. It is apt to say that, today the United States is the lone superpower, carrying vast military might, capable leaders wielding economic and cultural strengths enabling vast influences of unparalleled scope. Owing to the distinctness of both parties, it will be astonishing to note if a relationship forged between this two did not possess certain distinctness as well. A variety of events both done and only as a result of circumstances, envelope this US-Israel relationship. Both carrying slack/criticism and praise for forging such a strong tie that transcends all political, moral/ethical, social and cultural bonds. This paper attempts to investigate the relationship between the two countries and how it was developed and sustained all throughout the years. And the answer the pressing question of its survival in the recent changing strata of economy, cultural and political powers and perspectives. Roots: The US-Israel relationship began in 1948 when President Truman of the United States readily acknowledges the sovereignty of the Jewish state, but despite this it is evident that the US did not truly acknowledge Israel by adapting a neutrality act that prevented sale or transfer of military weapons to Israel (Cristol, 2002). It can also be realized that Israel formed a closer relationship with France rather than America (Leiber, 1998). But despite these primary dimensions the progression of the American-Israeli connection was far from steady progressions. It can be said that the relationship at first was neutral at most and aid to Israel was slow, whether it be economic or military assistance. This relationship was slow in coming, it took many steps before an actual relationship was formed. A budding military relationship started when President Johnston started selling military weapons to Israel around 1965-66. Reinforced by Israel success with its military efforts against other nations, particularly that of the Soviets, American analysts started to realize that Israel has become a major regional power capable of aiding them in their Mediterranean and Middle East efforts. Israel’s defeat of the Soviets and its subsequent aid to the US in the form of information regarding Soviet weaponry and tactics were significant in the US military efforts in Southeast Asia and during the Cold War. The intensifying war, the Cold War to be precise, also intensified US-Israel relationship, as the US looked to Israel to be its stable, reliable ally in the region and as Israel responded as such, the relationship strengthened. Israel in turn was recognized as a â€Å"strategic asset† rather than simply being an ally (Steinberg, 1998). Israel was very much in the thick of the Iran arms sales as well as becoming the channel to funnel US arms to Central America. The US and Israel share common goals, passions and advocacies, the special relationship between Israel and the United States has come to rely on deep-seated factors, Sharing a commonality that enabled them to work together includes. Democracy. Both Israel and the United States hold democracy and liberty with the highest consideration. Note the fact that Israel is the only democratic country in the Middle East. Immigration. Not unlike the United States, Israel’s population is that of immigrants. Welcoming the embracers of Zionism, the Jewish national liberation movement. While, the United States, the land of greener pastures, immigrants consists mostly of those wanting to work in the US, seeking higher pay and better work environment. Economy. Both Israel and US economies value free market. Each committing to competitiveness, international trade liberalization support and multilateral trading. Education. It can be noted that both countries exhibit high regard for good education for its citizens. Both nations firm believers of education as an integral part in shaping a nations future thru proper education of its young. A mutual support system. Israel was also one of the first to support the US in its efforts to enhance security by cooperating with the US Department of Homeland Security for development of initiatives to enhance such, also supporting the US in many of its endeavors with the United Nations as the US continues to bring aid and assistance to its Israeli counterpart. This framework shows many areas of partnership that enabled US-Israel relations to grow in proportion and depth. But like any other relationship, this forged relationship did not come without problems and strains. Relationship strains came in the form of American pressure on Israel to withdraw its forces in the Sinai Peninsula. Israel’s role in the Suez operations in 1956. The AWACS being sold to Saudi Arabia, the Lebanese Massacre of Palestinians in 1982 and the intifada. All bearing strain on the relations between US and Israel. It can be surmised that sometimes differences in opinions and goals can sometimes bring in strain to a steady friendship but it is duly noted too that the bond of this relationship is very deep and rooted, it will not be easily deferred and it remains to be so. FOREIGN POLICY It can be surmised that these two nation forge a cooperation that is surprisingly balanced, if you weigh it against a range of international issues. The Unites States continues to be Israel’s power patron, with the US backing Israel financially and politically even to the point of strain with other allies. It can be seen that Israel shows its allegiance to the US by voting with the Americans in United Nations General Assembly votes 95% of the time, even in consideration of other countries recognized as close to very close American allies. It will be noted that through the years, Israel has supported the US, even to the extent that they are the only ones behind the US. This support can be deemed blind and maybe one of the reasons for the US continued alliance with this country. Continuing U. S. Support – strategy wise There may be a strategic and logical reason for US continuing support of Israel, it is noted as follows: ? Israel has effectively stopped victories by radical nationalist movements in not only Lebanon and Jordan, but in Palestine as well. ? Syria, a known ally of the Soviet Union for many years, has been kept in check by Israel. ? Predominant air force in their region is Israel’s Air Force ? It can be realized that the many and frequent wars engaged by Israel provided an actual testing ground for US weapons, and usually against its major counterpart the Soviet Union. ? That in order to support unpopular movements and regimes, Israel has become an American channel in providing military assistance, weapon sales to Islamic Republic of Iran, military junta of Guatemala, the Nicaraguan Contras, and the likes. ? Not only once did the Israeli intelligence assist US military operations in covert and intelligence gathering operations. ? Israel’s intelligent military has developed missles and weapons capable of annihilating the Soviet Union and not only once did it assist the US military in the research and development of new weapons, jet fighters and defense systems more capable of protecting the state. Conclusion It may not be a match made in heaven, but mutually working for each other and benefitting from it, it may well be as close as it can get. Many believes that the US support for Israel range from insane to absurd to illogical and even outright dumb. The special relationship forged by US and Israel is a mixture of causative factors that enabled this relationship to flourish including historical memory, regional security and stability considerations, the US national interest, religion and communal ties. It can also be partly due to personal rapport and friendships built by heads of the states. Although it is understandable that not many understand this ties, especially when they see the very people, Americans are supporting, killing and salvaging a great many people they believe to be enemies. They tend to think of it as utter hypocrisy. But it has to be believed that many great American presidents supported and aided Israel and one cannot surmise their actual reasons behind it, but it can be surmised that ultimately US Officials think of the nations interests and being privy to private/confidential information may have led them to continue their support for Israel despite how it is seen by the public for in the end, it’s still the nations general welfare that they are after. Works Cited Cristol, J (2002) When did the US and Israel become allies. History News Network. Online retrieved 21 Feb 2008 from http://hnn. us/articles/751. html Leiber, R. (1998) U. S. -Israel relations since 1948. Meria Journal 2(3): 11-20 Steinberg, G. (1998) Israel and the United States: can the special relationship survive the new strategic environment? Meria journal 2(4): 61-81

What is a Hero? :: Hero Heroes Definition Essays Papers

What is a Hero?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today's modern times we hear the word hero all of the time. The news media throws the term around as if it is an everyday word. What exactly is a hero? Who, or what, can be classified as heroic? The correct definition of the word hero is: One invested with heroic qualities in the opinions of others. That is a fine definition for books and intellectual minds. To the average person, however, a hero is much more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To better understand what a heroic quality is it may be easier to describe what a hero is not. Nearly everyday on television people talk of athletes and celebrities as being heroes, but are they? To put it mildly, they are not heroes at all. Possibly role models, but for the most part, not in possession of heroic qualities. When Michael Jordan and Bruce Willis, by risking their lives, save an abandoned child from a typhoon they will possess the qualities to be called heroes in my opinion. Policemen and firemen are at times classified as heroes. Until they prove themselves they are just ordinary people. The title heroic is not given by occupation, rather by achievement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So what exactly is a hero? Parents are true heroes. Most parental units sacrifice time, money, love and everything else for their children. When times are tough good parents do all they can to make things better for their children. Mothers and fathers often work two jobs, late at night, or on weekends to provide for their kids. My mom is always there for me when I am sick, telling me she wishes she were the sick one. She also reassures me that she always has an extra kidney if I happen to need one. I personally view my parents as true heroes for all they do, have done, and will do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A local hero emerged recently in Flint Police Officer Leslie Keely. Plainly put, Officer Keely gave his life, for us, the residents of Genesee County. Les Keely died while in the line of duty. Involved in a high-speed pursuit of a vehicle, Keely was killed when his cruiser was struck broadside by another police car, driven by a Michigan State Trooper. At that point in time, Officer Keely became an instant hero. He lost the most important thing in the world, his life, doing what he was paid to do, serve and protect the public.

Food can be significant in people’s lives

Food can be significant in people's lives' for many different reasons – comparison of texts from food anthology. Titus Andronicus and Grandpa's Soup By samiyarahman Both Titus Andronicus and Grandpa's soup serve the purpose of entertaining the reader in Juxtaposing ways. Titus Andronicus is illustrative of the alarming horror that certain types of cooking and food reinforce, whereas Grandpa's soup is representative of the warmth and affection that certain types of food and cooking can bring.Themes portrayed in these texts such as death, mortality, celebration, esperation, love and hate are looked at from completely different angles through the literary techniques displayed by both writers, which will be analyzed and discussed in this essay. First of all, the celebratory atmosphere created in both texts highlight the horror/ happiness. For example, in Titus Andronicus, ingredients of human flesh and bones are mixed to produce delightful dishes.Literally, this is gruesome and ch aotic but for the characters cooking these dishes it connotes a sense of victory over defeating their enemies and ridiculing them, which they then celebrate. Similarly, in Grandpa's Soup the ingredients are given a voice to, making them almost onomatopoeic for example, ‘hoch', ‘loch' and ‘och'. The rhythmic tone signifies togetherness and similarity between the words indicative of the togetherness and strong relationship the character has with her Grandpa.The repetition of these ingredients throughout the poem adds emphasis to this idea, it seems as if it was pouring out of her mind – this is also reflected through the character's voice because it doesn't seem to be limited to a form, the poem sprawls and is shaped by the speech, which reflects the Joy and elebration in the poem. Death and mortality are also common themes in these poems presented to us in two completely different ways. Ruthless cannibalism in Titus Andronicus versus natural death in Grandpa' s Soup: Titus very easily and by giving clear instructions orders on how to kill Chiron and Demetrius.This implies that if he so effortlessly does this he is not at all moved or disturbed by it and that it is completely normal to him. The silence and reaction of others around him show that they are also unaffected by it, which forces out an extremely shocking response from the reader. In contrast, Grandpa's Soup signifies that Grandpa's cooking provides her with genuine pleasure not Just contentment or satisfaction but something greater therefore she goes onto talk about her fear of losing him, which overcasts a melancholic shadow over the whole poem.The writer understands that death is a natural process that she cannot stop but she goes on to say how it will affect her living life as she will be emotionally torn apart and carry the burden of pain throughout with the absence of her Grandpa and his remedial soup. There is evidence of figurative language that is very effective in outl ining and omprehending the character's point of view in Grandpa's Soup for example the simile ‘like a rich island in the middle of the soup sea'. The hyperbole assists in getting her ideas across.Describing the soup as a sea represents the depth of the character's feelings associated with the soup, and her Grandpa. This is reinforced by the yearning that is evident through her language, for example ‘he knows I will grow and pine for it. I will fall ill and desperately need it' this could be seen as deep emotive language that shows her desperation and strong will to hold onto her Grandpa forever and the fact that she draws from the semantic field of health shows that the soup is so important to her it's like a cure or a medicine for all her illnesses.The desperate people that have no peace in Titus Andronicus are reflective of the fast pace of the poem and how quickly events unfold throughout the poem leaving the reader with no time to digest it. The Juxtaposition is evid ent in, Whereof their mother daintily hath fed, Eating the flesh that she herself hath bred' shows that she has done such a catastrophic deed but in a way that is not imaginable and omething she herself was unaware about. The adverb ‘daintily screams out the disgust.This technique achieves maximum impact because soft words are used to convey a very powerful, strong meaning completely alarming the reader because it is such an unnatural, unusual situation. Also, the conversational and chatty lexis rather than it makes as if all the gruesomeness is very common and there is nothing to be shocked about. Both writers use iambic pentameter giving the texts life and a certain personality. For example in Titus Andronicus the iambic pentameter assists in building tension, uspense and the stress.Furthermore, in Grandpa's Soup it would be appropriate to say it sounds like a heartbeat when read aloud illustrating the love and affection that resides in the poem. The role of women in Titus A ndronicus seems very minor. Rape is the stigma attached to Lavinia therefore it is believed that her life is no longer valuable or even useful which is why she is subject to death after she gets Justice. Titus uses the killing of Chiron and Demetrius as a Justification for killing Lavinia. Additionally, Tamora Just follows instructions even though she is the empress but has no real oice.On the other hand, in Grandpa's Soup, the whole poem is a female narrator expressing her feelings and having the most important place in the poem. In conclusion, it can be said that the themes of these texts are highly comparable because both texts possess the same themes, which are given a completely different light in each one. Titus Andronicus is accurately representative of its genre: a revenge tragedy and Grandpa's Soup gets across the idea that food can form and trigger memories that last a lifetime and the nostalgia allows us to reconnect with omeone that may be gone but still alive in our tho ughts.Titus Andronicus sticks closely to its fictional identity however Grandpa's Soup allows the reader to bring to lite real teelings that are relatable to a wide audience. On the contrary, it can be argued that even though we can closely relate to Grandpa's Soup rather than Titus Andronicus, the concentration of the themes in Titus Andronicus allows us to understand the real meanings of those more in it rather than in Grandpa's Soup. When analyzing the texts it is important to consider the purposes of the texts and oth texts fulfill their purpose to entertain to a large extent.The various techniques such as fgurative language, word choices, form, structure and sound patterning are used by Shakespeare and Kay to get across certain attitudes and values have been extremely successful in doing so. Additionally, the backgrounds of the writers and the eras they were writing in seem to have largely influenced these poems. For example Kay may be giving a personal account of her experienc es giving it a timeless quality whereas Shakespeare's motivation may have been what sold or was popular at the time to spectators.

What Effect Does Sleep Deprivation Have on Physiological and Cognition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1518 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Sleep Deprivation Essay Did you like this example? Abstract The National Sleep Foundations Annual Sleep in America poll of 2018 showed that only ten percent of Americans rates sleep as a top priority. With all the literature that is taught about how vital sleep is to ones health, these results were shocking. Sleep is an essential physiological need for survival. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Effect Does Sleep Deprivation Have on Physiological and Cognition?" essay for you Create order To be deprived of sleep has many unwanted effects on the body. Total sleep deprivation has been shown to negatively affect many physiological, cognitive, and behavioral measures within the body (Miro et. al. 2002). Studies have shown that sleep deprivation can cause damage to brain cells, impair immune response, affect short term and long-term memory, restrict learning, and most of all decrease cognitive performance. In research a distinction between total and partial sleep deprivation is important to adequately consider the effects of sleep loss. Sleep deprivation is a study design to assess the effects of sleep loss. Total sleep deprivation is more thoroughly examined even though partial sleep deprivation is more commonly experienced. Although there are vast studies and a profound amount of research on the effects of sleep deprivation, there are still many unanswered questions. The discrepancies in the studies account for age, gender, the type of sleep deprivation that is being tes ted, the allotted time of sleep, and the individual. Despite the discrepancies shown in various research, it is known knowledge that sleep deprivation has several effects on physiological and cognitive performance. Introduction A persons daily performance can be heavily influenced by the lack of sleep. Sleep is becoming more of a cliche in todays society. A new saying has been adopted that states Ill sleep when I die. Sleep loss is one of the most important yet underestimated causes of disruption in a persons quality of life. Sleep is essential to the body and brain. It was proposed that sleep detoxifies the brain, controls thermoregulation, and conserves energy (Maquet 2001). When being researched it is common to find sleep deprivation broken into two separate categories. Total sleep deprivation refers to the avoidance of sleep for a period of at least twenty-four hours or greater. Then you have partial sleep deprivation in which the usual number of hours one sleeps is reduced within the twenty-four-hour period. Sleep from a physiological perspective was first examined by a French Scientist name Henri Pieron. Then in the 1920s, Dr. Nathaniel Klietman began questioning the regulation of sleep, wakefulness, and circadian rhythms. The main symptoms of sleep loss are excessive daytime sleepiness, depressed mood, poor memory, and/or concentration (Dinges et al., 2005). Major research has been explored for decades on the cognitive effects of sleep deprivation (Maquet 2002; Stickgold 2005) and the importance of sleep to body restitution (Maquet 2001). Although many variables and more accurate research methods are being used to see just how sleep really affects physiological health, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the exact amount one needs to sleep and the type of sleep that is needed to remain healthy. Each of these studies are contributing greatly to catch the worlds view on just how vital sleep is. This paper will address the literature as such from various studies showing how sleep loss negatively impacts the physiological, cognitive, and behavioral measures within the body. Sleep and Sleep Deprivation Several studies suggest that the average amount of hours needed are between seven and eight a day (Kripke et al 2002; Kronholm et al 2006). However, the need for sleep varies depending on the individual. Homeostatic process S and circadian process C are the two processes that regulates sleep. The circadian process C affects the thresholds for the onset and offset of a sleep episode. The homeostatic process S revolves around the sleep and wakefulness. The two processes determine the sleep/wake cycle and can be used to describe the fluctuations in alertness and vigilance (eg, Achermann 2004). The process has now been revised and is used as the principal study in sleep deprivation. This sums up the background and characteristics of sleep and sleep loss. The effects of sleep deprivation are innumerable. For this reason, focus will be given to the effects on the immune system, the Prefrontal Cortex of the brain, short term memory, long term memory, and brain cells. As the body rest, it replenishes itself and fights off any threats. They fighting system is referred to as the immune system response. The immune system response is regulated by three physiological events. The three events are wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement, and rapid eye movement (Nayyab et.al. 2017). The association between the immune system and sleep came about in the 1970s. Immunoregulatory cytokine is a key player in sleep regulation and has levels associated with sleep propensity in the brain (Krueger 2008). This showed that sleep regulated cytokines effect the immune system. The body has to rest in order to remain healthy to perform physically and mentally. Brains that are sleep deprived have to work harder to perform which affects the PFC of the brain. Brain imaging studies show this to be true by showing the brains of the sleep deprived hysterically pumping energy into the prefrontal cortex to overcome the lack of sleep. In addition, neuroimaging studies have found that after one night of sleep deprivation the blood flow to the prefrontal cortex is profoundly affected (Drummond 1999). The prefrontal cortex is responsible for executive functions of the brain which include: decision-making skills, self-observation, prioritizing, and planning. The prefrontal cortex leads us into short term and long-term memory. As the tasks performed intertwine as basic cognitive capacities. People who experience sleep loss usually experience a decline in cognitive performance and changes in mood (Philibert 2005). The most thoroughly evaluated cognitive performance measured in sleep deprivations include attentional functions, working memory, and long-term memory. Sleep deprivation impairs visual short-term memory and limits its capacity. A fMRI study done showed declines in behavioral performance and reductions in parietal and extrastriatal activation after sleep loss (Chee 2007). Moreover, according to (Chee 2008) attention lapse following sleep loss showed reduced activation in the visual sensory cortex and thalamus. Sleep deprivation limits the capacity to retain new experiences to memory. Research showed that a lack of sleep compromises the neural and behavioral capacity for retaining new experiences to long-term memory (Yoo,Gujar, Hu, Jolesz, Walker 2007). These same findings support the hypothesis that lower brain areas involved in arousal, attentional functions, and sensory/perceptual gating contribute to impairments in memory following sleep deprivation. Sustained attention is referred to as vigilance throughout this paper. As stated before, although many studies show the negative effects of sleep deprivation there are still many unanswered questions about sleep. Discrepancies and Common bias Most hypothesis of these studies have received major support. Sleep deprivations usually focus on proving one of two hypotheses. According to (Alhola et al 2005) these two hypotheses are: general effects on alertness and attention, and/or selective effects on certain brain structures and functions. The hypothesis was supported but there was limitations and some studies that showed no effects of sleep deviations within a twenty-four-hour period. The differences in age and gender of participants, as well as the duration of sleep duration, complicated the comparison of the results. Studies show that older participants functioned better than younger participants. In aging the accumulation of sleep pressure seems to be reduced during wakefulness (Murillo-Rodriguez et al 2004), which could account for older adults performing better despite lack of sleep. Some Sleep deprivations studies have found impairment only in performance speed, whereas accuracy has remained intact (De Gennaro et al 2 00; Chee and Choo 2004). In others, the results are the opposite (Kim et al 2001; Gosselin et al 2005). In addition, comparing the effects of partial sleep deprivation and total sleep deprivation based on existing literature has proven difficult. For this reason, only one study used a control to show a decline in cognitive performance using both types of sleep deviations (Van Dongen et al 2003). According to (Alhola and Paivi 2007), methodological shortcomings are to blame for the common biases such as inadequate descriptions of protocols, failure to control the practice effect, individual sleep history or napping during the studies, and insensitive cognitive measures. All in all, most studies evaluated proved the hypothesis to be true that sleep deprivation does have an effect on physiological and cognitive performance. Conclusion In conclusion, the reviewed literature showed that there is so much to learn and become acquainted with about sleep. While some studies may not have shown any deviation within a twenty-four-hour period, others showed that over time the lack of sleeping hours in a day adds up over a brief time to cause an adverse effect. These sleep studies are shedding light on just how important sleep is to performance and health. More studies are needed and needs to be mainstream. There are so many important people working in a field that requires some type of sleep deprivation. Sleep studies also need to find some type of control in the homes or spaces in which one can truly show just how they sleep. While the literature showed the many effects of the brain and body, it also shed light on just how much research is needed to be readily present for the world.